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A well balanced diet is essential for a healthy body but, despite the knowledge
that proper nutrition can help us experience good health, few of us put this
theory fully into practice. Whilst the so called “macro” nutrients – protein,
carbohydrate and fat- are usually more than adequately supplied by our western
diets, the “micro” nutrients - vitamins and minerals- can sometimes be in short
supply due to the way food is stored, cooked or processed, or simply because we
do not eat enough micronutrient- rich foods, such as fruit and vegetables.
Dietary supplements are a convenient way of safeguarding our vitamin and
mineral intake, and ensuring we obtain at least the Recommended Daily Allowance
(RDA) of various micronutrients. RDA’s are set only at the level that is enough
to prevent clinical deficiency, with an added margin of safety. What they do
not reflect is the level needed for optimal health- a concept currently of
great interest to many nutritional scientists.
In fact, the idea that intakes of vitamins and minerals higher than those
normally obtainable through diet may bring particular health benefits is now
widely accepted. For example, it has been established that folic acid is
required at twice the level of RDA to reduce the risk of spina bifida in the
newborn. Many supplements on the market provide significantly more than the RDA
of vitamins and minerals, as well as providing micronutrients that are known to
be important to health but which have so far not been assigned an RDA VITAMINS
& MINERALS- HOW THEY HELP KEEP YOU HEALTHY.
VITAMINS
Vitamin A: Maintains healthy skin and mucous membranes. Necessary for
proper vision, especially at night. Needed for correct bone development and
growth.
Vitamin D: Helps the body utilise calcium and phosphorus for strong
bones and teeth.
Vitamin E: Protective antioxidant vitamin, that is, it mops up
substances called “free radicals”. Needed for the health of the heart and
circulation, nerves, muscles and red blood cells.
Beta-carotene: An antioxidant which mops up “free radicals” which, in
excess, can cause damage to cells and tissues. Beta-carotene can also be
converted into Vitamin A in the body.
Thiamin (B1): Needed for the release of energy from carbohydrate. Aids
in the functioning of the nervous system.
Riboflavin (B2): Needed for converting proteins, fats and carbohydrates
into energy. Also important for skin and eye health.
Niacin (B3): Vital for energy release in tissues and cells. Helps to
maintain healthy nervous and digestive systems.
Vitamin B6: Important for protein metabolism. Vital for maintaining a
healthy nervous system, skin, muscles and blood.
Folic acid: Essential for growth and reproduction of cells, particularly
red blood cells. Particularly important as a supplement for women of
childbearing age.
Vitamin B12: Needed for red blood cell production and maintenance of the
protective sheath around nerves. Vegans in particular may require additional
amounts of this vitamin.
Biotin: Involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats.
Needed for healthy skin and hair.
Pantothenic acid: Plays a vital role in the release of energy from
foods. Needed for healthy growth and the production of antibodies.
Vitamin C: Antioxidant which helps white blood cells fight infection.
Also needed for healthy skin, and enhances absorption of iron from non-meat
sources.
MINERALS
Calcium: Needed for healthy, strong bones and teeth, and for the
functioning of nerves and muscles.
Phosphorus: Needed for a strong skeleton. A component of ATP – the
immediate source of energy in muscle tissue.
Magnesium: Plays and role in bone structure; central to energy release
and the functioning of nerves and muscles. Also important for cardiovascular
health.
Copper: Component (with zinc and manganese) of an antioxidant system.
Needed for melanin (skin pigment) formation and iron metabolism.
Chromium: Required for normal glucose (blood sugar) metabolism; may also
have a role in controlling blood fat levels.
Iodine: Needed for the production of thyroid hormones that regulate
metabolic rate.
Iron: Carries vital oxygen around the body as part of the blood pigment
haemoglobin.
Manganese: Component (with copper and zinc) of an antioxidant enzyme
system. Needed for sex hormone formation, healthy bones, joints and nervous
system.
Molybdenum: Involved in iron metabolism and in the production of uric
acid (a waste product found in urine). Necessary for normal sexual functioning
in males.
Selenium: Antioxidant mineral which helps protect the delicate fatty
parts of cells from going rancid. Needed for healthy liver tissue.
Zinc: Needed for healthy reproductive and immune systems. Also required
for tissue repair and renewal and for sense of taste and smell.
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